The sword is, as it were, consecrated to God; and the art of war becomes a part of our religion.” –Samuel Davies

Wednesday, January 23, 2013

George Rogers Clark takes Ft. Sackville

I have always found the story of George Rogers Clark’s taking of Ft. Sackville (Vincennes, IN) in February of 1779 to be one of the most remarkable adventures in American history.  If there was ever a story that shows heroic manhood and dogged persistence in spite of overwhelming obstacles, this is it.  Here is a portion of Clark’s account of the brutal winter expedition. 


We were now sensible that St. Vincents [Vincennes] was in possession of the English; and consequently we might shortly expect an Attact though no danger at present, and had some time to make preparation for what we were certain of. I had reason to expect a Reinforcement on the presumption that Government ordered one on the Receipt of my first Letter; still encouraged each other and hoped for the best: But suffered more uneasiness than when I was certain of an immediate attact, as I had more time to reflect; the Result of which was that the Illinois in a few months would be in possession of the English except the Garrison which I knew would not be disposed to surrender without the greatest distress. I sent off Horsemen to St. Vincents to take a Prisoner by which we might get intiligence, but found it impracticable on account of the high waters; but in the hight of our anxiety on the evening of the 29th of Jan. 1779 Mr. Vague [Vigo] a Spanish merchant, arrived from St. Vincents, and was there the time of its being taken, and gave me every intiligence that I could wish to have Governour Hamilton's Party confisted of about eight hundred when he took possession of that Post on the 17th day of december past: finding the Season too far spent for his intention against Kaskaskias had sent nearly the whole of his Indians out in different Parties to War: But to embody as soon as the weather would Permit and compleat his design: He had also sent messengers to the southern Indians, five hundred of whom he expected to join him only eighty Troops in Garrisson, (our Situation still appear'd desperate, it was at this moment I would have bound myself seven years a Slave, to have had five hundred Troops) I saw the only probability of our maintaining the Country was to take the advantage of his present weakness, perhaps we might be fortunate: I considered the Inclemency of the season, the badness of the Roads, &c., as an advantage to us, as they would be more off their Guard on all Quarters. I collected the Officers, told them the probability I thought there was of turning the scale in our favour. I found it the sentiment of every one of them and eager for it. Our Plans immediately concluded on, and sent An Express to Cohos [Cahokia] for the Return of Capt. McCarty & his Volunteers, and set about the necessary preparations in order to Transport my Artillery Stores, &c. 1

By the 4th day of Jan (? Feby) I got every thing Compleat and on the 5th I marched being joined by two Volunteer companies of the Principal Young Men of the Illinois Commanded by Capt. McCarty and Frances Charlaville. Those of the troops was Captns Bowman & William Worthingtons of the light Horse, we were Conducted out of the Town by the Inhabitants and Mr. Jeboth [Fr. Pierre Gibault] the Priest, who after a very suitable Discourse to the purpose, gave us all Absolution, And we set out on a Forlorn hope indeed; for our whole Party with the Boats Crew consisted of only a little upwards of two hundred. I cannot account for it but I still had inward assurance of success, and never could when weighing every Circumstance doubt it: But I had some secret check. We had now a Rout before us of two hundred and forty miles in length, through, I suppose one of the most beautiful Country in the world, but at this time in many parts flowing with water and exceading bad marching, my greatest care was to divert the Men as much as possible in order to keep up their spirits; the first obstruction of any consequence that I met with was on the 13th, Arriveing at the two little Wabachees [Wabash] although three miles asunder they now make but one, the flowed water between them being at Least three feet deep, and in many places four: Being near five miles to the opposite Hills, the shallowest place, except about one hundred Yards, was three feet. This would have been enough to have stoped any set of men that was not in the same temper that we was.

But in three days we contrived to cross, by building a large Canoe, ferried across the two Channels, the rest of the way we waded; Building scaffolds at each to lodge our Baggage on until the Horses Crossed to take them; it Rained nearly a third of our march, but we never halted for it; In the evening of the 17th we got to the low Lands of the River Umbara, [Embarrass]  which we found deep in water, it being nine miles to St. Vincents, which stood on the East side of the Wabache and every foot of the way covered with deep water; we Marched down the little River in order to gain the Banks of the main, which we did in about three Leagues, made a small Canoe and sent an Express to meet the Boat and hurry it up; from the spot we now lay on (it) was about ten miles to Town, and every foot of the way put together that was not three feet and upwards under water would not have made the length of two miles and half, and not a mouthful of Provision; to have waited for our Boat, if possible to avoid it, would have been Impolitic. If I was sensible that you would let no Person see this relation, I would give You a detail of our suffering for four days in crossing those waters, and the manner it was done, as I am sure that You wou'd Credit it, but it is too incredible for any Person to believe except those that are as well acquainted with me as You are, or had experienced something similar to it. I hope you will excuse me until I have the pleasure of seeing you personally. But to our inexpressible Joy, in the evening of the 23d we got safe on Terra firma within half a League of the Fort, covered by a small Grove of Trees had a full view of the wished for spot (I should have crossed at a greater distance from the Town, but the White River comeing in just below us we were affraid of getting too near it.), we had Already taken some Prisoners that was coming from the Town. Laying in this Grove some time to dry our Clothes by the Sun we took another Prisoner known to be a friend by which we got all the Intiligence we wished for: but would not suffer him to see our Troops except a few. 2

If this narrative seems rather bland, it is because, as Clark puts it, “it is too incredible for any Person to believe.”  Lord willing, in my next post we’ll take up the story from Capt. Joseph Bowman’s perspective and hopefully fill in the fine details.

Christ, not man, is King!
Dale

1)      George Rogers Clark, Campaign In The Illinois (Cincinnati, OH: Robert Clarke & Co., 1907), p. 53-5.
2)      Ibid., p. 56-7.

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