The sword is, as it were, consecrated to God; and the art of war becomes a part of our religion.” –Samuel Davies

Saturday, August 24, 2013

The Indians Counter-Attack, July 1782

       In my last post, we saw the American forces scrambling, after the battle of Sandusky, to retreat in an orderly fashion while also trying to stave off the attempts of the Indian forces and their British allies to annihilate the retreating forces.  The various pockets of Patriot forces were able, for the most part, to make it to the Ohio River and thence to safety.  Not all of the “retreaters” were so fortunate though, and Lord-willing we’ll look at their story in another post.  With the collapse of the American offensive movement, panic began to spread along the backcountry.  Those who had settled along the frontier expected that Indian reprisals were sure to come their way.  Here is an anecdote on one of the more interesting incidents that happened shortly after Crawford’s defeat.

       The frontiers were harassed during the summer months by frequent inroads of the enemy.  On the 11th of July [1782], three sons of Mr. Chambers, of Westmoreland county, were tomahawked and scalped; and on Saturday afternoon, the 13th of the month, Hanna's-town, the county-town of that county, was burned by a large party of Indians, and a number of the inhabitants killed and captured.  This place was about thirty-five miles in the rear of Fort Pitt, on the main road leading to Philadelphia.  "The express," wrote Irvine to Moore, on the 16th, "sent by Mr. Hoofnagle, through timidity and other misconduct, did not arrive here till this moment (Tuesday, 10 o'clock), though he left Hanna's-town Sunday evening; which I fear will put it out of my power to come up with the enemy, they will have got so far away.  However, I have sent several reconnoitering parties to try to discover whether they have left the settlements, and what route they have taken."
       The people were greatly alarmed.  "I fear," continued Irvine in his letter to Moore, "this stroke will intimidate the inhabitants so much that it will not be possible to rally them or persuade them to make a stand.  Nothing in my power shall be left undone to countenance and encourage them."
       About the I5th of July, a party of seven Wyandots made an incursion into one of the settlements, some distance below Fort Pitt, and several miles from the Ohio river.  Here, finding an old man alone in a cabin, they killed him, packed up what "plunder" they could find, and commenced their retreat.
       The news of the visit of the Indians soon spread through the neighborhood, and a party of eight good riflemen was collected in a few hours for the purpose of pursuit.  Among those assembled were two brothers —Andrew and Adam Poe.  These were both famous for courage, size, and activity.
       The party commenced the pursuit of the Indians with a determination, if possible, not to suffer them to escape, as they usually did on such occasions, by making a speedy flight to the river, crossing it, and then dividing into small parties, to meet at a distant point, in a given time.  The pursuit was continued the greater part of the night.  In the morning, the borderers found themselves on the trail of the savages, which led to the Ohio.  When they had arrived within a little distance of the river, at a point in what is now Hancock county,West Virginia, about two miles below the mouth of Yellow creek, a western confluent of the Ohio, Andrew Poe, fearing an ambuscade, left the party who followed directly on the trail, to creep along the bank of the stream, under cover of the weeds and bushes, to fall on the rear of the Indians, should he find them lying in wait.
       He had not gone far before he saw some Indian rafts at the water's edge.  Not seeing any savages, he stepped softly down the bank with his rifle cocked.  When about half way down, he discovered two Indians —one very large, the other small.  Both were standing with their guns cocked, and looking in the direction of the party which was approaching by the trail, and was some distance down the bottom.  Poe took aim at the big Indian, but his rifle missed fire.  The two hearing the snap of the gun, instantly turned round and discovered their foe, who, being too near to retreat, dropped his weapon and sprang from the bank upon the savages.  He seized the larger one with a powerful grip, at the same time embracing the neck of the smaller one, and threw them both upon the ground—all three falling together, but Poe uppermost.
       The small Indian soon extricated himself, ran to the raft, got a tomahawk to dispatch Poe, while the big Indian held the latter with all his might, the better to enable his companion to effect his purpose.  Poe, however, watched the motions of the Indian so well, that when in the act of aiming a blow at his head, by a vigorous and well-directed kick, he staggered the savage, and knocked the tomahawk out of his hand.  This failure on the part of the smaller Indian was reproved by the larger one with an exclamation of contempt.
       In a moment the Indian caught up his tomahawk, approached more cautiously, brandishing it, and making a number of feigned blows, in defiance and derision.  Poe, however, still on his guard, averted the real blow from his head, by throwing up his arm, and receiving it on his wrist.  He was severely wounded, but still able to use his hand. In this perilous moment, by a violent effort, he broke loose from the big Indian, snatched up one of the guns of the savages, and shot his assailant through the breast as he ran up the third time to tomahawk him.
       Meanwhile the prostrate Indian got upon his feet, and now, seizing Poe by the shoulder and leg, threw him, in turn, upon the ground; but the latter instantly regained his standing; when the savage again grasped him, and another struggle ensued; which, owing to the slippery state of the bank, ended in both being precipitated into the river.  Each now endeavored to drown the other.  Their efforts were continued for some time, with alternate success—first one being under the water, then the other.  Poe, at length, seized his antagonist by the tuft of hair on 'the scalp, and held his head down until he supposed him drowned.
       Relaxing his hold too soon, Poe found his gigantic foe ready instantly for another combat.  Again they grasped each other; but, in the contest, they were carried into the water beyond their depth.  This compelled each to loose his hold and swim for life.  Each sought the shore, to seize a gun, and end the strife.  The Indian proved the best swimmer and reached the land first.  Poe, seeing this, immediately turned back into the water to escape being shot, if possible, by diving.  Fortunately, the savage caught up the rifle with which Poe had killed the other warrior!
       At this juncture, Adam Poe, missing his brother from the party, and supposing from the report of the gun, that he was either killed or engaged in conflict with the Indians, hastened to the spot.  On seeing him, Andrew called out to him from the water to "kill the big Indian."  But Adam's gun, like that of the Indian's, was empty.  The contest was now a question of time only—as to which would load first.  The savage, in using his ramrod, was not as quick as his antagonist.  This gave Adam the advantage; and, just as the Indian was raising his gun, he shot, mortally wounding him.
        Adam now jumped into the river to assist his wounded brother to the shore; but Andrew, thinking more of the honor of carrying home the scalp of the big Indian as a trophy of victory, than of his own safety, urged him to go back and prevent the struggling savage from rolling himself into the stream and escaping.   But Adam's solicitude for the life of his brother prevented him from complying with his request.  The consequence was that the Indian, although in the agonies of death, succeeded in reaching the water and getting into the current; so that his scalp was not obtained.
       During the conflict, and just as Adam had arrived at the edge of the bank for the relief of Andrew, one of the party who had followed close behind him, seeing a person in the river, and supposing him to be a wounded Indian, shot and wounded him in the shoulder.  It was the struggling Andrew who thus received the second wound; but, from these injuries, he afterward recovered.  In the meantime, the remaining Indians had been overtaken by the borderers, and all but one killed; with the loss, however, of three of the pursuers—one, a young man by the name of Cherry.  The Indian shot by Adam Poe, was a noted chief of the Wyandots, known as Big Foot.  1

       Such was the nature of the conflict that raged along the Ohio River valley in those days.  It was the intrepidity and courage of men such as the Poe brothers that secured the western frontier for the fledgling United States.

Christ, not man, is King!
Dale

1)      C.W. Butterfield, An Historical Account of the Expedition Against Sandusky (Cincinnati, OH: Robert Clarke & Co., 1873), p. 268-74.



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