The sword is, as it were, consecrated to God; and the art of war becomes a part of our religion.” –Samuel Davies

Sunday, July 28, 2013

The Campaign Against Sundusky Begins

       In May of 1782, after suffering much from the attacks upon their settlements by the British-supported Indian tribes, the enraged settlers began to assemble their forces in preparation for an attack against the perceived “hive” of the operations against them: the Indian settlement at Sandusky.  In this portion of Butterfield’s work on the subject, we catch a glimpse of what the typical volunteer looked like.

      There was much enthusiasm in the settlements, preparing for the campaign; nevertheless, there was, generally, a due appreciation of the desperate nature of the project.  A march so far into the enemy's country as was now proposed, had not been made in that direction, from the western border, during the war.  The venture, therefore, required stout hearts and steady nerves, when looked fairly in the face.  It is a tradition—nay, an established fact—that many, aside from the ordinary arrangements necessary for a month's absence—not so much, however, from a presentiment of disaster as from that prudence which careful and thoughtful men are prone to exercise—executed deeds "in consideration of love and affection;" and many witnesses were called in to subscribe to "last wills and testaments."
       It was generally understood that, when the army should begin its march from Mingo Bottom, it would press forward with all practicable speed to effect a surprise, if possible; the best horses, therefore, in the settlements were selected for the enterprise.  In their trappings, as might be expected, nothing was sacrificed to show—to mere display.  Bridles of antique appearance, and saddles venerable with age—heir-looms in not a few instances, brought over the mountains—were put in order for the occasion.  Pack-saddles also were called into requisition for carrying supplies.  These were, as a general thing, exceedingly primitive in their construction.  Some furnished themselves with extra rope halters, in expectation of returning with horses captured from the enemy.
       The volunteer, in his war-dress, presented a picturesque appearance.  His hunting-shirt, reaching half-way down his thighs, was securely belted at the waist, the bosom serving as a wallet.  The belt, tied behind, answered several purposes besides that of holding the wide folds of the shirt together.  Within it, on the right side, was suspended his tomahawk; on the left, his scalping-knife.  He wore moccasins instead of shoes upon his feet.  His equipage was very simple.  Strapped to his saddle was the indispensable knapsack, made of coarse tow cloth, in which were several small articles, placed there, perhaps, by a loving wife, or a thoughtful mother or sister.  From the pommel of his saddle was suspended a canteen—a very useful article, as the weather was unusually warm for the season. Flour and bacon constituted his principal supply of food.  His blanket, used as a covering for his saddle, answered also for a bed at night.
       Of his weapons of defense, the volunteer relied mainly upon his rifle.  Trained to its use almost from infancy, he was, of course, a sharp-shooter—frequently a dead-shot.  Taking his trusted weapon down from the hooks, where it was usually to be seen suspended beneath the cross-beams of his cabin, he carefully cleaned it, and picked the flint anew.  His powder-horn was then filled, and securely fastened to a strap passing over his left shoulder and under the right.  His leather pouch, either fastened to his belt or thrust into his bosom, was first filled with bullets, bullet-patches, and extra flints.  The edge of his tomahawk was made a little keener than usual; and his scalping-knife was carefully examined before being thrust into its leathern sheath.
       The moment of leaving was, in many cases, a trying one to the volunteer.  There are many incidents still lingering in the memory of the aged, who, in their youth, were told the tales of these parting scenes. "My father was one of the volunteers," writes Joseph Paull, a citizen of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, "and at that time was young and unmarried.  When he determined on going he told his widowed mother.  She was greatly distressed.  'Why, James, said she, 'you are not well enough to go; you are sick.'  'I can ride,' was the response, 'and I can shoot.'  'But,' interrupted the mother, 'suppose you lose your horse?'  'Well,' said James, 'I have made up my mind to go.'  And go he did, leaving grandmother in great grief, as he embraced her and bid her good-bye.  He was very sad when he mounted his horse and rode away.  Once with his comrades, however, his sadness soon wore off."  Usually, however, the soldier took, leave of home without ceremony.  A common mode was to step out of the door of the cabin, discharge his rifle, and immediately march off, without looking back or saying a word.  Hand-shaking, parting words, and kisses were too trying to his feelings!
       The volunteers were mostly of Irish or Scotch-Irish descent—young, active, and generally spirited.  Many were from the Youghiogheny and around Beesontown (Uniontown), in Westmoreland county.  Most of these came on to Redstone Old Fort (Brownsville), on the Monongahela, where they were joined by many from the settlements around, and from the "forks of Yough."  They then proceeded to Catfish (Washington), in Washington county.  After the accession of a considerable number from this vicinity and Ten-mile, the whole moved westward, adding a few to their numbers in "Pan-handle" Virginia.
       As the volunteers threaded their way toward the Ohio, along the bridle-paths, their course was mostly through dense forests; only here and there was there a lonely cabin, or, perchance, a fort or stockade.  As they passed these, they were sure to be cordially greeted by the borderer; and matrons, in linsey petticoats, with home-made handkerchiefs as the only adornment for their heads and necks, standing barefoot in front of their doors, waved onward the cavalcade with many a "God speed you, my brave lads!"  Many, however, were dilatory in their arrival at the Ohio; so that all were not gathered opposite Mingo Bottom when the crossing began—indeed, some crossed the river above and others below the appointed place, traveling along the west bank of the stream until they reached the site of the old Mingo town. 1

Christ, not man, is King!
Dale

1)      C.W. Butterfield, An Historical Account of the Expedition Against Sandusky (Cincinnati, OH: Robert Clarke & Co., 1873), p. 64-8.



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